The unvaccinated are at a much greater risk of getting infected and spreading the coronavirus disease.  They suffer the most severe symptoms and are the corona patients who occupy over 90% of the ICU beds.  Even though they restrict individual freedoms, lockdowns are justifiable where necessary and proportionate to ach ...

Using marginal abatement cost (MAC) for investment decision-making brings hoteliers, investors, owners and operators multiple benefits, depending on the type and scope and responsibility of investment.  The marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) provides a visual representation to easily identify the initiatives that hav ...

This paper suggests that the circular economy (CE) offers a pathway towards a resilient and sustainable, tourism ecosystem.  It also suggests that hospitality, travel and tourism has an important role to play in the circular economy transition.  The stakeholders can act as enablers of circularity and benefit from share ...

When headline say “Half of those who died from the virus were vaccinated”, we don't know whether or not the vaccine is protecting people.  For this, we need to know how many people were vaccinated and how many were not.  Comparisons of the absolute numbers is a "base rate fallacy".  If 5 of 10 unvaccinated people died, ...

Carbon footprint/climate change appears to be the most commonly used life-cycle sustainability indicator for tourism and hospitality.  Specific sustainability indicators that consider socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects have rarely been specified in the industry's transition towards circular economy.  Future life ...

Supply chains are often highly complex and span many countries and include multiple tiers that are made more opaque by outsourcing and offshoring.  Highly interdependent, the relationship between products and services and ESG risk factors are intertwined across sectors and throughout every level of the supply chain.  A ...

The hospitality industry needs to become more sustainable and hotels globally are focusing on the sustainability impacts of their supply chains.  This guidance addresses the environmental and social sustainability issues in hospitality supply chains and recommends steps for determining what sustainability information t ...

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) anticipates a climate policy acceleration driven in part by investor, corporate and civil society pressure around net zero, climate impacts, and low-carbon technology cost developments.  The principles address the different emissions paths between the developed and developing nations in ...

Environmental protection and sustainability are important factors in the hotel business and their competitiveness.  Performance and environmental sustainability indicators help hotel managers identify opportunities for employing processes for saving resources to improve the environmental performance of their hotels.  T ...

Travel by car and plane are primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions in tourism.  3 out of 4 guests in Austria use the car and around 10% travel by plane.  It is expected that the number of guests arriving by plane will increase after the coronavirus pandemic.  Technological improvements and societal trends will not ...

Companies are not required to disclose the information that investors need to price climate risk.  Voluntary frameworks, like the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), do not bring about the necessary change.  This has led to mispricing climate risk and capital misallocation, which harms investors ...

This resource supports local government planning authorities, owners, developers, architects and investors in the sustainable development of new or refurbishment of existing hotels.  It can be used during all phases of the development process to ensure that hotels are built with minimal impact on the local environment ...

Material flow accounting provides a statistical framework measuring natural resource extraction, trade in natural resources, waste disposal and emissions.  Domestic material consumption and material footprint are used as a proxy for overall environmental pressure within a national economy and the impact of a national e ...

The GRI Standards are global public reporting best practices on economic, environmental and social impacts.  Reporting based on the standards provides information about an organization’s positive or negative contributions towards sustainable development for integration into its strategy, to identify financial risks and ...

There's some discrepancy in how such rating agencies as Bloomberg, MSCI and Sustainalytics are measuring the ESG risk in the performance of supply chains.  To accurately measure a company’s ESG risks, also its end-to-end supply chain operations must be considered.  The EU's new Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation ...